Abstract The mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) is a burrowing crab with an important role in mangrove nutrient cycling. The species holds major socioeconomic importance, generating yield for traditional and low-income populations. Despite its ecological and economic importance, there are few experiments in Brazil applying stable isotope tools to trophic crab classification, and even fewer considering females in the reproductive period. Females have different energy demands than males; studies examining C and N can reveal details regarding the differences. Hence, the present study is the first analysis of the δ 13C, δ 15N, and the C/N ratio in ovigerous females of two populations from Southeastern Brazil (Caceribu River - Guanabara Bay and Gargaú mangrove - Paraiba do Sul River secondary estuary). The Caceribu mangrove is larger and is located in one of the most impacted bays in the world. In the Paraiba do Sul River region, the mangrove swamp is about ten times smaller, has a substantially lower population in the surrounding area, and is more influenced by agricultural activities. The δ 13C analysis confirmed mangrove leaves as their main food source. The significant δ 13C variation between the Guanabara and Paraiba do Sul estuary populations can be related to differences in food availability and nutritional value. However, the δ 15N values can be related to the ingestion of other food items during the breeding season as well as the influence of anthropogenic mangrove degradation. At both study sites, the δ15N values were higher than those observed in other mangrove crab populations and other herbivorous species. Significant (p < 0.05) isotopic differences were found among populations, suggesting variations in biogeochemical cycles that may be related to different environmental conditions between the sites.

ResumoObjetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a concentração de Hg em duas espécies de peixes (Astyanax sp e Corydoras paleatus) e seu uso potencial como biomonitor, a fim de saber se o uso de pesticidas e fertilizantes na lavoura pode levar a contaminação por Hg ao ambiente aquático adjacente.MétodosSolo, material particulado em suspensão e amostras de peixes foram coletadas em um campo de arroz no sul do Brasil. Um sistema de vapor frio acoplado a um espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica (GBC 932) foi usado para as determinações de Hg total nas amostras.ResultadosO solo da lavoura de arroz apresentou concentração de Hg 2 vezes mais elevada (média de 31 ng g–1), em comparação com a área controle (não cultivado). A concentração de Hg no material particulado em suspensão dos canais de irrigação do arroz (média de 232,5 ± 44,2 ng g–1) é 1,5 vezes mais elevada do que na área controle. Os espécimes de peixes Astyanax sp analisados na área de cultivo mostraram concentração de Hg 4 vezes maior e, significativamente diferentes da área controle. A concentração média de Hg em peixes foi: 51,7 ± 19,5 ng g–1 em Astyanax sp e 156,8 ± 44,0 ng g–1 em Corydoras paleatus.ConclusõesConsiderando a regressão linear e o teste de hipótese de de Man Whitney para a concentração de Hg em tecidos de peixes da lavoura de arroz, sugere que Astyanax sp. pode ser uma bom biomonitor de contaminação Hg, enquanto Corydoras paleatus é um biomonitor potencial. No entanto, mais estudos com Corydoras são necessárias, a fim de agregar consistência a este estudo.

Aim: The aim of present study was to evaluate the Hg concentration in two species of fish (Astyanax sp and Corydoras paleatus) and its potential use as a biomonitor, in order to know if the use of pesticides and fertilizers in paddy can enhance the Hg contamination to adjacent aquatic environment.MethodsSoil, suspended particulate matter and fish samples were sampled in a paddy field in South Brazil. A cold vapor system, coupled with a GBC 932 atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for total Hg determinations in samples.ResultsThe paddy soil shows Hg concentration 2-fold higher (mean 31 ng g-1) in comparison to background areas (not cultivated). Suspended particle matter Hg concentration in paddy channels (mean 232.5 ± 44.2 ng g–1) are 1.5 times higher than the regional background. The analyzed fish specimens Astyanax sp in paddy showed Hg concentration 4-fold higher and significant different to background area. The mean Hg concentration in fish was: 51.7 ± 19.5 ng g–1 in Astyanax sp and 156.8 ± 44.0 ng g–1 in Corydoras paleatus.ConclusionsConsidering the linear regression and Man whitney test hypothesis to Hg concentration in fish tissue from paddy suggests that Astyanax sp. can be a good biomonitor of Hg contamination, whereas Corydoras paleatus is a potential biomonitor. However, more studies with Corydoras are necessary in order to aggregate consistency to this hypothesis.

A distribuição de Mercúrio nos oceanos é controlada por um complexo ciclo biogeoquímico, resultando na retenção de pequenas quantidades na biota marinha. O impacto dos processos de ressurgência costeira no comportamento desse metal tem sido negligenciado. Dados da literatura são insuficientes para elucidar o risco associado com a presença de mercúrio em peixes capturados em áreas de ressurgência e seus consumidores. Portanto o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um estudo de especiação de mercúrio em quatro espécies de peixes pertencentes a diferentes níveis tróficos da região de ressurgência de Cabo Frio-Brasil. O conteúdo total de mercúrio variou de 53 ng g-1 (Sardinella brasiliensis -sardinha) to 1215 ng g-1 (Cynoscion striatus -pescada) e, com exceção da espécie planctivora, os níveis de metilmercúrio atingem cerca de 90% da concentração total de mercúrio.

Mercury distribution in the oceans is controlled by complex biogeochemical cycles, resulting in retention of trace amounts of this metal in marine biota. The impact of upwelling processes in this metal behavior has been overlooked. Data from literature are insufficient to evaluate the risks associated with the presence of mercury in the fish collected in upwelling areas and its consumers. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to perform a study of mercury speciation in four fish species belonging to different trophic levels from Cabo Frio-Brazil upwelling region. The total mercury content vary of 53 ng g-1 (Sardinella brasiliensis -sardine) to 1215 ng g-1 (Cynoscion striatus -striped weakfish) and, with exception of the planktivorous fish, methylmercury levels reaches circa 90% of total mercury concentration.